ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and metabolic determinants of circulating soluble leptin receptor (CSLR) and free leptin index (FLI) in pre-pubertal obese male children.METHODS: We conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study at three tertiary hospitals and one public primary school. Eighty obese male children without growth and developmental abnormalities aged 5–9 years were recruited. In these children, obesity was solely caused by excessive food intake, and not by acute illness, medications, endocrine abnormalities, or any syndrome. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance are the potential determinants for leptin regulation, which is represented by CSLR level and FLI.RESULTS: Carbohydrate was the main source of energy. BMI and body fat mass had negative weak correlation with CSLR and positive weak correlation with FLI. Furthermore, carbohydrate intake was found to be independently associated with CSLR based on the results of the multiple linear regression analysis. Following an increase in carbohydrate intake, CSLR level decreased progressively without any negative peak.CONCLUSION: Leptin regulation in prepubertal obese male children is associated with body composition and dietary intake. Carbohydrate intake is useful for predicting CSLR. Lipid profiles and insulin resistance are not related to both CSLR and FLI. Treatment and prevention of leptin resistance in obese children should focus on reducing BMI, fat mass, and carbohydrate intake.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Adipose Tissue , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDL , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Eating , Growth and Development , Insulin Resistance , Leptin , Linear Models , Obesity , Receptors, Leptin , Tertiary Care Centers , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the association between plasma leptin (LEP) levels, soluble leptin receptor(SLR), free leptin index and breast cancer.@*Methods@#245 new female cases of primary breast cancer confirmed by histopathology examination were sequentially recruited into the study. A total of 245 age-matched healthy women were enrolled as controls during the same period. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information of the subjects. Blood samples were collected and the levels of LEP and SLR in plasma were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The differences of LEP, SLR and FLI expression between control and cases group, as well as different breast cancer subtypes and TNM stages were compared using t-test and ANOVA after stratification by menopause status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the contributions of the three indexes to the risk of breast cancer.@*Results@#Females in both cases and control group were (50.7 ± 9.4) years old. The level of SLR and FLI (P50(P25,P75)) in premenopausal women were 18.4 (11.2, 28.7), 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) μg/L in case group and 27.7 (19.2, 43.4), 0.3 (0.3, 0.4) μg/L in control group (P<0.001). While the level of postmenopausal women in case group were 20.3 (12.8, 31.8), 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) μ g/L (P<0.001), and 30.1 (18.8, 40.5), 0.3 (0.3, 0.5) μg/L in control group (P<0.001), respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors and BMI, the relationship between FLI and breast cancer remained significant for both pre- and postmenopausal women while the association between SLR and breast cancer was significant only in premenopausal women. Compared with the lowest level of SLR, higer levels of SLR is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (premenopausal women, OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.04-0.29, Ptrend<0.001). Compared with the lowest level of FLI, FLI at higher levels is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (premenopausal women, OR=7.14, 95% CI: 2.86-17.83, Ptrend<0.001; postmenopausal women, OR=8.10, 95% CI: 2.85-22.98, Ptrend<0.001). No significant association between LEP and breast cancer or association between the three indexes and breast cancer subtypes and TNM stages was found (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#SLR may be a protective factor for breast cancer while FLI may increase the risk of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the levels of leptin(LEP) and soluble leptin receptor (sOB‐R) in breast cancer patients′ser‐um ,and to discuss the relationship between LEP ,sOB‐R ,free leptin index(FLI) and the patients′clinical pathologic features .Meth‐ods 70 serum specimens of breast cancer patients who confirmed by pathological diagnosis were collected before the surgery ,the serum of benign breast disease group(n=50) and normal group(n=50) were also collected as control .The levels of LEP and sOB‐Rinserumweredetected,andtheresultafterbodymassindex(BMI)correctionwereanalyzed.Finally,therelationshipbetweenthe expression of LEP ,sOB‐R and clinical pathologic features were analyzed .Results The serum level of LEP in breast cancer group was highly increased than the other two groups (P0 .05) .The level of LEP in the postmenopausal breast cancer patients were highly increased than menopause patients (P>0 .05) ,and the expression of LEP in cancer group were signifi‐cant higher than two control groups by both postmenopausal and menopause (P>0 .05) .The result suggested the serum level of LEP and FLI are associated with pTNM stages and lymph node metastases (P<0 .05) ,and elevated level of LEP in postmenopausal patients had differences in pTNM stages and lymph node metastases (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The serum LEP level and the FLI may be potential indicators to evaluate the prognosis of the patient with breast cancer .The serum LEP may promoted the process of the postmenopausal patients of breast cancer .